The Special Protection Group (SPG) is India's elite security force, entrusted with the protection of the nation's most significant leaders. Tasked with protecting the Prime Minister of India and their immediate family, the SPG operates at the highest level of professionalism, discretion, and efficiency. The commandos are renowned for their intense training, sophisticated weapons, and unwavering commitment to duty.
Origin and Evolution of SPG
The SPG was formed in 1985 after the tragic assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984. The need for a specialized, hi-tech security organization was felt to safeguard the country’s top leadership. The force was established based on the recommendations of the Birbal Nath Committee, which studied international protection agencies such as the United States Secret Service.
The SPG Act of 1988 officially gave the organization legal standing, defining its mandate and functions. A notable amendment in 2019 limited SPG protection to the serving Prime Minister and their immediate family. Former Prime Ministers and their families are now protected by other agencies such as the CRPF VIP Security Wing.
Organizational Structure
The SPG functions under India’s Cabinet Secretariat and is headed by a Director, typically a senior IPS (Indian Police Service) officer. The organization consists of four main divisions:
- Operations Branch
- Training Branch
- Technical Branch
- Intelligence & Research Branch
Recruitment and Hiring Process
The SPG does not recruit directly. Instead, personnel are selected from various paramilitary and police forces such as the Indian Army and State Police. The recruitment process is extremely stringent and involves:
- Background Verification: To ensure a clean record
- Physical Endurance Tests: Testing stamina, speed, and strength
- Psychological and Mental Evaluation: Assessing decision-making under pressure
- Combat Skills Assessment: Includes marksmanship, tactical drills, and self-defense
Training and Preparedness
SPG commandos undergo one of the toughest training regimens in the country. They are trained in:
- Physical Fitness and Endurance
- Combat and Self-Protection Techniques
- Tactical Shooting and Firearms Handling
- Driving and Emergency Evacuation Drills
- Advanced Intelligence and Surveillance Techniques
Weapons and Equipment
SPG personnel use highly advanced and sophisticated weapons for VIP protection. Their arsenal includes:
- FN SCAR Assault Rifle
- Glock 17 and FN Five-seven Pistols
- CornerShot Weapon System
- MP5 Submachine Gun
- Armoured Vehicles for secure transport
Operational Strategies and Covert Missions
SPG follows a multi-layered approach to provide 360-degree security for the Prime Minister. Key strategies include:
- Advance Security Reconnaissance
- Close-Proximity Protection
- High-Speed Convoy Movements
- Counter-Terrorism Response Tactics
Challenges Faced by SPG
- Extreme Work Pressure
- Constant Threats to Life
- Political and Public Scrutiny
- Adapting to Evolving Threats like cyber attacks and drone warfare
The Silent Guardians of Indian Democracy
SPG commandos are the unsung heroes who protect India’s highest leadership. Their tireless efforts, unmatched training, and silent vigilance make them one of the finest protection units in the world. While they operate behind the scenes, their impact on national security is profound.
In an age of dynamic and unpredictable security threats, SPG continues to evolve—training rigorously, adapting to new technologies, and preparing for every eventuality. The next time you see the Prime Minister’s convoy, remember—SPG commandos are the silent warriors guarding the future of the nation.
Blog By:-
MS. Sarika GUPTA
Assistant Professor, Dept of Political Science
Biyani Girls College
